![]() The Crusades set the stage for several religious knightly military orders, including the Knights Templar, the Teutonic Knights, and the Hospitallers. ![]() Those who joined the armed pilgrimage wore a cross as a symbol of the Church. Pope Urban’s plea was met with a tremendous response, both among the military elite as well as ordinary citizens. This marked the beginning of the Crusades. In November 1095, at the Council of Clermont in southern France, the Pope called on Western Christians to take up arms to aid the Byzantines and recapture the Holy Land from Muslim control. What Were the Crusades?īy the end of the 11th century, Western Europe had emerged as a significant power in its own right, though it still lagged behind other Mediterranean civilizations, such as that of the Byzantine Empire (formerly the eastern half of the Roman Empire) and the Islamic Empire of the Middle East and North Africa. The bloody, violent and often ruthless conflicts propelled the status of European Christians, making them major players in the fight for land in the Middle East. ![]() In all, eight major Crusade expeditions occurred between 10. The Crusades were a series of religious wars between Christians and Muslims started primarily to secure control of holy sites considered sacred by both groups. Fourth Crusade: The Fall of Constantinople.
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